Ukraine Invasion Leads to Spike in World Food Prices, Disruption of Conventional and Organic Farming
Ukraine Invasion Leads to Spike in World Food Prices, Disruption of Conventional and Organic Farming
This article originally appeared in Presence Marketing’s May 2022 Industry Newsletter
By Steven Hoffman
Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February has become a costly war not only in terms of the devastating loss of lives, but, also, as Ukraine – known as the “world’s breadbasket” – is a major producer of conventional and organic crops such as wheat, barley, sunflower oil and more, it also has resulted in major disruptions to agriculture and trade, and now, the highest food prices the world has ever seen.
Photo: Wikimedia Commons
The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in April warned that food prices could rise by up to 20% as a result of the conflict in Ukraine, raising the risk of increased malnutrition around the world, as well as social unrest. Tracking the world’s most-traded food commodities, FAO reported that food prices are at their highest since record-keeping began 60 years ago, jumping 13% in March, following February’s record rise.
According to the U.N.’s Food Prices Index, the prices for vegetable oils have risen 23%, while cereals were up 17%. Sugar rose 7%, meat was up 5%, while dairy, which has been less affected by the war, climbed 3%. Food commodity prices were already at a 10-year high before the war in Ukraine because of global harvest issues, the U.N reported.
Russia and Ukraine alone account for 30% of the world’s trade in wheat, 32% of barley, 17% of corn, and over 50% of the world’s market for sunflower oil and seeds. In fact, Ukraine’s flag in part represents blue skies over fields of wheat. And, as the war has choked off supplies from Ukraine, the world’s biggest exporter of sunflower oil, that also means the costs of alternatives have climbed.
Ukraine Planting Season Disrupted
As the war drags into Spring, and with Russia’s ongoing campaign targeting agricultural zones to the east, there’s a concern about whether Ukrainian farmers can plant much of anything this year. And if they do get their crops in the ground, production could be limited due to scarcity of seed, fertilizer, fuel and other inputs, much of which comes in from port cities including Mariupol, which are under siege. Ukraine alone exported more than $27 billion in agricultural products to the world in 2021, NPR reported.
According to Jörg-Simon Immerz, head of the grain trading at BayWA, Germany’s largest agricultural trading group, “Zero grain is currently being exported from the ports of Ukraine—nothing is leaving the country at all.” In addition, Deutsche Welle TV reported that since the invasion began, up to 300 ships have been stopped by Russian forces from departing the Black Sea, “leaving one of the key global trade routes for grain virtually blocked.”
The longer the war goes on, the more the impact on food exports will affect the world’s poorest countries. Many nations in Africa and the Middle East are largely dependent upon wheat imports from Russia and Ukraine; Lebanon gets 80% of its wheat from Ukraine, while Egypt gets 80% of its wheat from Ukraine and Russia. Somalia and Benin are 100% reliant upon wheat from these two nations currently at war. Deutsche Welle TV reported that the wheat shortages from Ukraine are being especially felt in eastern Africa where the price of bread and sunflower oil have more than doubled since the war began.
War Drives Food Inflation; Low Income Households Disproportionately Affected
Lower income households throughout the world, including the U.S., are being disproportionately affected by the drastic rise in food prices, triggered by two years of economic and supply chain disruptions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and exacerbated today by the Russia-Ukraine conflict.
According to Consumer Price Index data released in April by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, food-at-home prices rose 10% over the past year – the fastest pace since March 1981. Food and energy costs drove inflation to 8.5% in March compared to the same month a year ago, marking the highest rate in more than 40 years as consumers continue to feel the pinch of higher prices.
Meanwhile, grocers have tried to keep price increases from reaching consumers on such staple items as bread, meat and eggs, however, that strategy is becoming increasingly difficult, reports Food Dive. As a result, many consumers are opting for cheaper products over brand loyalty.
Analysts at Bank of America on April 21 predicted the impact of the Russia-Ukrainian conflict has yet to be fully felt in grocery stores. “Looking ahead, we think that consumers will continue to feel the pinch of elevated food inflation,” the analysts wrote. “While there has been a lot of attention on the shock from the Russia-Ukraine conflict, we believe that it is too early to see the impact at the grocery store…rather, it should lead to sustained price increases later this year.”
The Bank of America analysts reported that they expect U.S. food inflation to reach 9% by the end of 2022.
Fortune Magazine reported that Bank of America’s analysts noted that farmers, too, are dealing with spikes in the cost of inputs including fertilizers and pesticides, which have increased 50% in the past year alone, based on U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Producer Price Indexes. Russia was one of the world’s leading exporters of fertilizers in 2020, including urea and potash, according to the Observatory of Economic Complexity, and fertilizer prices have also been fueled by higher costs of natural gas, used in the production of nitrogen-based fertilizers.
“There are signs that companies are passing through higher costs,” the Bank of America team said, according to Fortune. “Margins look to be growing on both the wholesale and retail level, suggesting that companies have regained pricing power and are comfortable letting the consumer eat higher costs instead of them.”
Ukraine’s Organic Farming Regions Are Under Occupation
Ukraine is one of the world’s leading producers of organic crops. According to the European Commission, the country was the largest exporter of organic products to the EU in 2019, and the second leading exporter of organic products in the world, out of 123 countries.
In 2020, there were 462,225 hectares (1.1 million acres) of organic land in Ukraine, reported Organic Info Ukraine. However, much of the land under organic production is in areas where there are currently hostilities or occupation. “Since 24 February 2022 (the beginning of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine) the organic sector as well as the entire agrarian industry have been suffering from aggression. The biggest problem in many regions is access to land.” The Kherson region, for example, which is Ukraine’s largest organic region, is almost completely occupied by Russian troops, the organization noted.
Exports notwithstanding, humanitarian concerns also revolve around Ukraine’s farmers and the country’s ability to feed itself during the war. “Ukraine is a leading global supplier of agricultural products and exports a large amount of organic produce to different countries in Europe,” the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (fiBL), based in Switzerland, said in a statement issued in mid-April.
“At the moment, FiBL and its partners (Organics International, Helvetas, and IFOAM Organics International) are looking into how they can adjust their project activities in Ukraine to meet the current needs of the Ukrainian organic sector. This is important to ensure that people of Ukraine have access to healthy nutritious food grown sustainably and that (organic) farmers do not lose their livelihoods. We are currently working with Ukrainian organic stakeholders and partners to ensure they can continue to grow and supply food and feed – now and in the future,” fiBL said.
The international organic food and agriculture community, including fiBL, IFOAM Organics International and others, is calling on its constituents to support the organic farming sector in Ukraine. Organic Info Ukraine published a “Statement on the Situation in the Ukrainian Organic Sector,” along with information on how to support organic producers and organic stakeholders in Ukraine during these critical times. Learn more and take action here.
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Steven Hoffman is Managing Director of Compass Natural, providing brand marketing, PR, social media, and strategic business development services to natural, organic, sustainable and hemp/CBD products businesses. Compass Natural serves in PR and programming for NoCo Hemp Expo and Southern Hemp Expo, and Hoffman serves as Editor of the weekly Let’s Talk Hemp Newsletter, published by We are for Better Alternatives. Contact steve@compassnaturalmarketing.com.
As Supply Chain Problems Persist, Grocery CEO Predicts Food Prices Will Surge 10% in Next 60 Days; Meanwhile, Conventional Food Prices Are Catching Up to Organic
Photo: Pexels
This article originally appeared in Presence Marketing’s November 2021 Industry Newsletter
By Steven Hoffman
As the backlog of shipping containers at U.S. ports continues, Americans could see shortages of products across the country that will persist into the holidays, analysts are cautioning. Adding to the backup at the ports are driver and labor shortages across all channels of distribution. As a result, shoppers are again facing empty shelves, with pet food, diapers, frozen dinners, spices, chicken and other items listed as being in short supply in the nation’s grocery stores.
In addition to product shortages, food prices could increase 10% in the next two months, predicted John Catsimatidis, president and owner of the supermarket chains Gristedes and D’Agostino Foods.
The billionaire grocer told Fox Business that leading food companies will begin to prioritize products and raise prices. “I see food prices going up tremendously,” he told Maria Bartiromo on Mornings with Maria. “[CEOs] want to be ahead of the curve and the way they’re doing it is they’re dropping all promotions. They are dropping their low-moving items.”
Projecting a 10% price increase in the coming weeks, Catsimatidis said the trend won’t be ending “anytime soon,” as companies make more profits. “Why give away something when you don’t have to give it away and you make more margin?” he asked rhetorically. “So, I think that now these companies are going to have record profits in the third quarter,” he told Bartiromo.
According to the New York Times, Thanksgiving 2021 “could be the most expensive meal in the history of the holiday…Nearly every component of the traditional American Thanksgiving dinner, from the disposable aluminum turkey roasting pan to the coffee and pie, will cost more this year, according to agricultural economists, farmers and grocery executives,” writes food reporter Kim Severson. “Major food companies like Nestlé and Procter & Gamble have already warned consumers to brace for more price increases,” she reported.
Organic Food Prices Holding the Line More than Conventional…for Now
Meanwhile, researchers at Magnify Money, a division of Lending Tree, reported that conventional food prices are rising at a “much faster rate than organic costs.” According to its research, since 2019, prices for select conventional meats, dairy items, fruits and vegetables have increased by an average of 13.9% – 12 percentage points higher than the reported 1.6% growth in costs for comparable organic items.
Despite rising conventional food prices, organic foods on average remain more expensive, the Magnify Money researchers pointed out. However, they said, “For those organic-preferring shoppers, the good news is the costs of organic produce, dairy and meats are rising slower than conventional foods.”
However, while organic prices may not be rising as fast as conventional products, the $56 billion organic food industry also is grappling with a shortage of shipping containers and a tight labor market. One organic commodity being affected by the backup at U.S. ports is organic soybeans, much of which is imported into the U.S. in shipping containers, reported Reuters. Costly organic soybeans and higher priced organic products are fueling food inflation “at a time consumers are eager to eat better and focus on health during the COVID-19 pandemic,” Reuters reported.
Bell & Evans – a 127 year old chicken producer based in Pennsylvania – feeds 500,000 to 600,000 organically raised chickens each week, and must compete for soybeans with other buyers that formerly relied on imports, owner Scott Sechler said. The company raised all chicken prices in July and will likely need to raise organic prices again, he told Reuters. "We're in the most challenging time since the organic world started when it comes to feeding animals and selling an organic animal protein. It's a madhouse now. There's not enough in America to replace all the imported organic grain," Sechler said.
U.S. sales of organic food jumped by 12.8% in 2020 to $56.5 billion, compared with a 4.6% increase in 2019, according to the Organic Trade Association. Organic accounted for 5.8% of food sales in 2020 as the pandemic motivated consumers to eat more meals at home and focus on products perceived to be healthful, OTA said.
Retailers, Consumers and Manufacturers Are Beginning to Hoard Products…Again
While food and consumer product shortages are not as acute as they were in the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, industry analysts are reporting that shoppers are beginning to hoard products, again. That, combined with ongoing supply chain problems, and retailers and food producers alike are planning for shortages to last into the near future.
In an interview with Spectrum News’ Bay News9 in Clearwater, FL, natural foods retailer Nature’s Food Patch General Manager Sean Balsley said some products have been hard to find, so when items in demand for the holidays are available, he buys extra. “You got to take it when you can get it,” he said, noting that some popular items for Thanksgiving have been difficult to order.
Adnan Durrani, CEO and founder of Saffron Road, producer of a popular line of natural frozen and shelf-stable foods, told Bloomberg that the company is holding onto extra inventory, keeping four months of supply in stock instead of one or two months of inventory normally held in past years. “People are hoarding,” Durrani told Bloomberg. “What I think you’ll see over the next six months, all prices will go higher.”
Food Prices Increased 4.5% in September Alone, Compared to 2020
Prices for food consumed in the home increased 4.5% in the month of September 2021 alone, compared with prices in the same month in 2020, as input costs continue to rise and more companies pass these costs on to consumers, reported The Food Institute. The question, the Institute asked, is how far can major brands push shoppers on price before they choose cheaper alternatives, search for lower cost brands, or reduce the number of items they purchase.
According to data from the Consumer Price Index, Fox11 News in Los Angeles reported that food prices increased 4.6% in the year since September 2020. Meat prices rose 12.6%, seafood prices increased 10.7% and categories including fruit, vegetables, cereals, bakery items and non-alcoholic beverages all charted significant prices increases in the past year.
Labor shortages in the supply chain are greatly responsible for price hikes, claimed Nate Rose, Senior Director of Communications for the California Grocers Association, in an interview with Fox11 News. Rose noted that labor shortages lead to reduced supply and increased prices. “People are seeing some more significant upticks in their food costs, especially around meat, year over year…It’s a tough one because demand is strong and right now producers are struggling to meet the demand because of short labor,” he said. “There’s been a lot of coverage of the situation at the ports but it’s also the shortage of truck drivers and people at the distribution centers. It’s tough to see these prices climb continually and I know people are feeling that in their pocket books,” Rose said.
In an interview with ABC Eyewitness News, U.S. Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg acknowledged the shortage of truck drivers, exacerbated by the fact that many drivers are older and few young people want to enter the field. He said the Biden administration is taking steps to streamline the process by which prospective drivers can obtain commercial vehicle licenses.
"The more red tape we can cut out of the process of getting those (commercial driver licenses), the more we can get drivers on the road, and make it possible for them to add to our supply capacity," Buttigieg told ABC. "But I should also be blunt: truck driving needs to be a more well-compensated and more respected profession. Look at the turnover margins in trucking. In large companies it can be 90% turnover per year,” he said.
Inflation Approaching a “Tipping Point at the Grocery Store”
Heading into the holidays, product shortages and purchase limits from major food and consumer product manufacturers "will be a challenge in the grocery industry" in the final months of the year, Steve Howard, VP of Merchandising for Bristol Farms, a leading California-based specialty grocery chain, told CNN. Suppliers are warning the retail chain of "potential shortages" of food products, glass jars and packaging containers, he said.
CNN reported that approximately 18% of beverages, 15% of frozen foods, 16% of snacks, 15% of candy and 18% of bakery items were out of stock at stores during the week ending Oct. 3, 2021, according to data from market research firm IRI, which tracks in-stock levels at leading U.S. grocery chains, big box stores, pharmacies and wholesale clubs. Before the pandemic, IRI reported that 7% to 10% of products were typically out of stock on shelves, according to CNN.
In response to a tighter supply as the country heads into Thanksgiving, Howard told CNN that Bristol Farms is working to bring in inventory "earlier than any other holiday ever," he said.
Noting that inflation may be “approaching a tipping point at the grocery store,” the Wall Street Journal reported that, as a rule of thumb, price increases above 5% are difficult to implement without resulting in changing consumer buying patterns.
Jamie Court, president of Consumer Watchdog, shared people’s concerns about across-the-board price surges. In a Fox11 News interview, she said, “The price of everything we need is up. The gas, the food, and the reality is we don’t know if it’s going to be short term or long term.”
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Steven Hoffman is Managing Director of Compass Natural, providing brand marketing, PR, social media, and strategic business development services to natural, organic, sustainable and hemp/CBD products businesses. Compass Natural serves in PR and programming for NoCo Hemp Expo and Southern Hemp Expo, and Hoffman serves as Editor of the weekly Let’s Talk Hemp Newsletter, published by We are for Better Alternatives. Contact steve@compassnaturalmarketing.com.