After Boom and Bust, Could Hemp Market Be Stabilizing?
This article first appeared in the May 2024 issue of Presence Marketing’s newsletter.
By Steven Hoffman
Could the hemp industry be on the cusp of a turnaround? After several years of volatility for U.S. hemp growers, prices and acreage in many states are beginning to stabilize or are rising modestly, according to the National Hemp Report, published by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) in April 2024.
According to the USDA, the value of U.S. hemp crop production in 2023 totaled $291 million, up 18% from 2022. Based on a survey sent out in January 2024 to producers across the country as part of USDA’s national agriculture census, the report shows signs of renewed market growth and improved on-farm efficiencies. “There was the big boom, then the big falloff, and this year everything is sort of leveling out,” Joshua Bates, a USDA statistician who wrote the landmark National Hemp Report, told MJBiz Daily.
“The hemp industry is stabilizing into its various categories including: 1) cannabinoids, nutraceuticals and flower; 2) food, feed and nutrition; and 3) fiber and industrial materials and applications. At this time, a much clearer picture is emerging as to where these categories can end up over the next three, five and ten years,” said Morris Beegle, publisher of Let’s Talk Hemp and producer of NoCo Hemp Expo, the leading trade show and conference for the hemp industry.
“The past several years posed significant challenges, starting with the pandemic’s onset and exacerbated by the federal government’s regulatory ambiguity regarding CBD and hemp-derived cannabinoids. Add to that burdensome regulations imposed on farmers endeavoring to cultivate hemp fiber and grain – crops that deserve equitable treatment akin to any other commodity. Such circumstances deter participation in this budding industry. What we truly require are coherent federal regulations applicable universally, instead of disjointed state-level initiatives that render the industry vulnerable and unsupported,” Beegle said.
Recovery on the Horizon
Production of industrial hemp for food, fiber and flower took off after it was legalized in the 2018 federal Farm Bill. In the years before the Covid pandemic, hemp acreage was on the rise, entrepreneurs and investors flocked into the market, and there was an explosion in the number of CBD and other hemp-related brands.
However, since 2020, the market for products made from hemp (defined as containing less than 0.3% THC) experienced a significant downturn, sparked by the pandemic and made worse by a lack of regulatory consistency over CBD and other hemp-derived cannabinoid compounds from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and state regulators. Investors pulled back. Brands did everything they could to survive; some didn’t. Overproduction during this time, too, led to steep drops in the price of hemp. As a result, hemp acreage plummeted from an estimated peak of 37,000 acres harvested in 2020 to a little more than 19,000 acres harvested in 2022.
Now, according to USDA’s hemp report, overall hemp acreage harvested in 2023 increased 21% to a total of 23,475 acres, signaling a potential turnaround in the market.
Hemp flowers for CBD and other hemp-derived cannabinoids -- including the intoxicating compounds Delta 8 and Delta 9 – dominated the market in 2023. While flower acreage remained relatively flat at approximately 7,000 acres in 2023, flower producers experienced an income gain of 35%, according to USDA data. Of the $291 million in market value for hemp in 2023, $241 million of that income came from hemp flowers. However, based on regulatory and safety concerns around Delta 8 and other hemp-derived psychoactive compounds, a number of industry observers feel this growth may be unsustainable, as lawmakers could severely limit the sale of these products.
Speaking of the hemp flower sector, economist Beau Whitney of Whitney Economics said, “It is quite possible that the cannabinoid industry has peaked. The excess inventories are mostly depleted and there is not enough acreage, in our view, to backfill with enough supply to sustain the level of sales experienced currently. This is a mistake by legislatures and regulators and now opens the door up for cheaper, but potentially lesser quality imports,” he cautioned.
Hemp grown for fiber – used in textiles and industrial applications – accounted for 52% of all hemp acreage harvested in 2023. While acreage grew, USDA reported that prices dropped and farmers brought in less income. However, says Whitney, “Hemp fiber is where we are forecasting significant growth in the short term, while cannabinoids and grains get sorted out. Hemp for plastics and automotive are already established in the global marketplace and are expanding in the United States. Hemp as a construction material is also increasing, but that growth has been somewhat sluggish in its initial ramp-up.”
Regarding hemp grown for food and grain, Whitney remarked, “The food industry is pretty steady. One major game changer would be FDA approval for hemp grains as an animal feed. It appears that the FDA is setting up unrealistic requirements for cannabinoid content in feed, so much so that consumers/animals would have less strict requirements for heavy metals and poisons than CBD content. There is a huge market for hemp grain internationally, but other supply chain issues and geopolitical tensions are impacting expansion efforts by U.S. hemp operators.”
According to USDA’s National Hemp Report, hemp grown for grain accounted for 17% of all hemp acreage harvested. Canada and China remain the world’s leading countries for hemp grain production, yet, as plant-based foods become more popular, U.S. growers stand to benefit from opportunities in growing hemp for food, as it is one of the richest plant-based sources of protein, essential fatty acids and other key nutrients.
“The use of hemp in automotive, pulp and paper (packaging), and building material applications are all increasing in the pace of growth,” Whitney added. “The major headwind is the narrative that hemp is a drug. The lack of awareness and education by policymakers on the potential of hemp is its limiting factor. Policymakers are using a sledgehammer instead of a scalpel when making hemp policy, and it’s having a ripple effect throughout the industry from an operator, investor and infrastructure perspective,” he said.
Stuck Between FDA and the MJ Industry
“There are two big battles going on in Washington, DC, right now. One is the hemp industry against the FDA. The other is hemp vs. marijuana,” observed Jonathan Miller, General Counsel of the U.S. Hemp Roundtable, the hemp trade’s leading advocacy and lobbying group.
“We’ve been trying to get the FDA to regulate CBD and other extracts. First, they said they were working on it and now they say they need congressional authority. It’s a game of pointing fingers – Congress says it needs guidance from FDA, and FDA says it needs direction from Congress, so we’ve got a stalemate. However, there has been a lot of congressional and public pressure on FDA to act, so that may be a reason why the agency is talking to us now,” Miller said. “We would love to see something resolved this year; there is talk of an interim step where Congress could potentially pass a law to validate existing state programs in the absence of consistent federal regulations. The Farm Bill may not happen until next year; meanwhile our efforts to find a vehicle for this compromise will continue.”
And, Miller said, “As always, we advise companies to act like they are being regulated by the FDA as a dietary supplement or a functional food and beverage product, and to operate within those regulations.”
In referring to competition with operators in the marijuana space, Miller said, “Regarding the marijuana industry, it is not monolithic, but there are a growing number of organizations that have made it their objective to kill the hemp industry as a means to capture competitive gain. This includes ATACH, the American Association for Hemp and Cannabis – though there are no hemp members – and the US Cannabis Council. Both have introduced plans that they would like to see in the Farm Bill to federally criminalize any hemp product that has any level of THC in it. That would criminalize all but CBD isolates,” he said.
“We are fighting both in the public eye and behind the scenes right now, and there’s a big battle going on in California in this regard. This is a threat we have to watch from the left flank. We are hopeful that any effort like this will die in Congress, but we are not banking on it; in fact, we are working very hard to prevent it. Just last week, we met with 55 different members of Congress and staff to discuss these issues and to present the hemp industry's position,” Miller added.
“All sectors of the hemp industry are growing, with the cannabinoid sector growing rapidly, to the point where it is outpacing the marijuana industry,” observed cannabis industry attorney Rod Kight of Kight Law. “The opportunities exist for nimble companies that are willing to take the time to navigate the rapidly evolving regulatory landscape and who can pivot as needed when regulations and markets change. I have hope that hemp can lead the path to true and comprehensive cannabis reform.”
FDA’s Position
When asked if the FDA could envision a scenario in which it would allow the sale of CBD as a dietary supplement without congressional action, Patrick Cournoyer, Senior Science Advisor with the FDA replied with the following:
“The FDA has concluded that the existing regulatory framework for dietary supplements is not appropriate for CBD. Given the available evidence, it is not apparent how CBD products could meet the safety standard for dietary supplements. For example, we have not found adequate evidence to determine how much CBD can be consumed, and for how long, before causing harm. Therefore, we do not intend to pursue rulemaking allowing the use of CBD in dietary supplements.”
Cournoyer’s office referred to FDA’s statement from January 2023, where the agency concluded that “existing regulatory frameworks for foods and supplements are not appropriate for cannabidiol,” and that it will work with Congress on “a new way forward.”
Added Cournoyer, “The FDA supports sound, scientifically based research into the medicinal uses of drug products containing cannabis or cannabis-derived compounds and will continue to work with companies interested in bringing safe, effective, and quality products to market.” Cournoyer referred to guidelines published on FDA’s webpage, “FDA and Cannabis: Research and Drug Approval Process.”
In addition to food, supplements and drugs intended for human consumption, FDA has regulatory oversight of animal feeds. Regarding the use of hemp in animal feed, an FDA spokesperson said, “After comprehensive review of data submitted by a sponsor, in January 2024, the FDA recommended to the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) that a proposed ingredient definition for hemp seed meal in the feed of laying hens be included in the AAFCO Official Publication. The FDA has not reviewed any other submissions for the use of hemp seed or hemp seed derived ingredients in animal food.”
Wendy Mosher, VP of the Hemp Feed Coalition, told AgWeb in January 2024 that allowing hemp seed meal into feed mixes for laying hens marks the first hemp feed ingredient to get federal recommendation and interest by AAFCO. “You can’t have a commodity crop without a feed opportunity for that crop,” Mosher said.
In the absence of federal approval of hemp in animal feed, Texas legalized hempseed oil and hempseed meal for chickens and horses in 2023. Kentucky in 2022 allowed a limited amount of hempseed meal and hempseed oil as ingredients in the diets of layer, broiler, and breeder chickens. Montana legalized hemp or hemp-derived products in 2021 for “non-consumption animals,” i.e., pets, specialty pets, and horses, reported Hemp Benchmarks. However, in December 2023, New York Governor Kathy Hochul vetoed bills to allow hemp seed in animal feed, citing the need for more information.
While federal lawmakers and regulators move slowly in allowing the use of hemp in animal feed, USDA is providing grants to universities and others to research the potential use of hempseed, meal and biomass in animal feed. For example, researchers at Prairie View A&M University in Texas in 2023 received a $300,000 grant from USDA to explore hemp as an alternative grain in animal feed.
Building with Hemp
Building with hemp in the United States is increasing year over year, said Jean Lotus, Editor and Publisher of HempBuild Magazine. “Prices on building-grade hemp hurd remain high and the supply chain is neither complete, nor consistent. But hemp building in the United States is capturing the imaginations of developers and motivated owner-builders. Notable projects this year include a multi-unit tip-up hempcrete panel project in Newburyport, MA, and successful attainable hempcrete housing built by the Lower Sioux of Morton, MN,” she said.
“People may say hemp is dying, but it also recently received approval from the IRC (International Residential Codes) for the use of hempcrete in the U.S. for commercial construction,” noted James Johnson, Principal of JJGro in San Antonio, TX. Johnson, who discovered hemp’s healing properties while dealing with PTSD after 21 years of service in the U.S. Air Force, consults with hemp producers throughout the country. “Hemp is starting to be considered as part of the mix in mainstream commercial construction. It’s not going to replace traditional materials, but it will capture between 2% and 5% of the building construction space, Johnson predicted.
Lotus added that research in hemp building materials received significant funding in the past year, including $1.9 million from the U.S. Army; $1.5 million from the Department of Energy; and $1.1 million from the New York State Energy Resource and Development Authority (NYSERTA).
“Meanwhile, the regulatory environment for hempcrete's superior insulation and carbon sequestering properties is improving,” she said. “In April 2024, the U.S. Department of Energy released a roadmap to decarbonize the U.S. building industry. The report, Decarbonizing the U.S. Economy by 2050: A National Blueprint for the Buildings Sector, emphasized building with biogenic, regenerative materials. Hemp-lime and hemp-batt insulation perfectly fit the bill! With new companies developing carbon credits for hempcrete projects, there is more excitement and investment opportunity to come.”
“We are seeing increased interest in hemp across the board from consumers, universities, and large corporations wanting to utilize hemp as an input or ingredient. I think there's opportunities in every sector for savvy, smart business operators. While cannabinoids provide the biggest boom/bust potential, there are long term opportunities in the fiber and grain markets as the regulatory framework within those categories will eventually get to a point of any other commodity crop, for the most part,” said Morris Beegle.
“As to headwinds, it's still all political and bureaucratic,” Beegle added. “The industry needs to be unified in its voice to combat correctly, and I think we have made real progress the last few years with the vast majority of the ‘real’ industry aligning on messaging and action. We’re also seeing progress and persistence of the industry in delivering on the promise of hemp as an alternative resource to many of the world's current and future problems. The future is bright regardless of what some in the media, and some on social media, would like people to believe.”
Save the Date: NoCo Hemp Expo, Aug. 10-12, 2025, Estes Park, CO
U.S. Hemp Leaders Unite on Plan of Action as 2023 Farm Bill Deliberations Approach
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Key industry stakeholders convened at the NoCo9 Hemp Expo in March to finalize a policy document that 31 nonprofits have now signed.
WASHINGTON, D.C. (April 24, 2023) – As the 2023 Farm Bill deliberations approach, U.S. hemp leaders are united behind a plan of action. And this unprecedented alliance among 31 nonprofit hemp organizations portends promise for congressional enactment of the industry’s agenda.
This winter, three of the nation’s leading hemp organizations – Hemp Industries Association (HIA), National Industrial Hemp Council (NIHC) and U.S. Hemp Roundtable (USHR) – joined in collaboration for the very first time to develop a series of policy priorities for enactment in the 2023 Farm Bill. The three groups then asked industry leader Morris Beegle to convene a meeting of more than 75 key hemp stakeholders at the leading national hemp gathering that he produces, the NoCo Hemp Expo. After an intense discussion, and follow-up breakout groups to expound on the deliberations, a priority policy document was finalized. Since then, 31 state, regional and national nonprofit organizations have signed on in support.
The document, attached hereto, lists nine key policy priorities for consideration by Congress. These include requiring FDA to regulate hemp extracts such as CBD; easing the regulatory burden on hemp farmers; repealing the hemp felon ban from the 2018 Farm Bill; and addressing THC limits for hemp. This document is being shared with key members of Congress and will serve as the foundation for drafting legislative language to be included in the Farm Bill.
NIHC President and CEO Patrick Atagi praised the work of the hemp industry for broadly coming together to endorse hemp priorities and hemp-specific Farm Bill priorities. “’Working Together Works’ are true words taught to me by my mentor, former USDA Undersecretary William ‘Bill’ Hawks,” Atagi said. “I am glad to see the hemp industry come together; it is a sign of great things to come.”
“This is an historic moment for hemp,” stated Jonathan Miller, USHR’s General Counsel. “The five years since legalization have been challenging, and the 2023 Farm Bill is our next and best opportunity to take this industry a step forward. The unity within the industry is remarkable and telling: Our shared voice will resonate with Congress and help us turn this opportunity into meaningful progress for hemp farmers and product consumers.”
Said Morris Beegle, co-founder and president of We Are For Better Alternatives, or WAFBA: “The last five years have taught us a lot, and more than anything, that we as stakeholders need to align our interests and our voices going into the 2023 Farm Bill so that we correct the regulatory deficiencies that have plagued the growth and development of this nascent industry. I’m optimistic and encouraged by so many organizations coming together at this time to collaborate and work in unison to improve the future of the hemp industry.”
Contact
Morris Beegle, WAFBA, info@nocohempexpo.com
Steven Hoffman, Compass Natural, steve@compassnaturalmarketing.com, tel 303.807.1042
WAFBA Announces a Pause for 2023 Southern Hemp Expo in Nashville
SHE became dominated by Delta-8 and other intoxicating hemp-derived cannabinoids popular in areas where adult-use cannabis is not legal.
LOVELAND, Colo. (April 18, 2023) -- WAFBA -- We Are For Better Alternatives, the umbrella organization that hosts and produces NoCo Hemp Expo, Southern Hemp Expo, Hawaii Hemp Conference, Winter Hemp Summit and other hemp-centric conferences, trade shows and events -- is going to pause the 2023 Southern Hemp Expo. The Southern Hemp Expo, aka SHE, launched in 2018 in Nashville as the sister show to NoCo Hemp Expo, the most comprehensive hemp exposition and trade show on the planet.
SHE was a highly successful event in both 2018 and 2019 but was canceled in 2020 due to the Covid pandemic. SHE moved to Raleigh, North Carolina, in 2021 and back to Nashville in 2022. Both shows struggled to regain the momentum that the hemp industry had prior to the pandemic and both shows ended up being dominated by the rise in the intoxicating hemp-derived cannabinoid category, including Delta-8, HHC and other derivatives that have come to be popular with the consumer market in areas of the United States where adult-use cannabis is not yet legal.
Hemp for Health and Wellness
Both NoCo Hemp Expo and Southern Hemp Expo were founded on the decades-long mission and mantra that hemp is for health and wellness for humans and animals and an environmental benefactor for the planet in being able to produce eco-friendly, carbon-neutral to carbon-negative materials for a variety of industrial applications. These include commercial and residential construction products, textiles, automotive components, paper and packaging, bioplastics and biocomposites, animal bedding, biochar and more.
Another long-standing mantra for the hemp industry has been “hemp does not get you high,” which was the case until the domestic oversupply of CBD biomass increased significantly in 2019 and 2020. Additionally, the FDA continued to skirt its regulatory responsibilities given to the agency by Congress in the 2018 Farm Bill to regulate the burgeoning and popular CBD market. The lack of regulatory oversight kept major retailers and major consumer brands on the sidelines as well as investment money out of the industry. This in turn was a factor in the increased oversupply and the eventual development of the synthesized, hemp-derived cannabinoid market that is proliferating today. This market has opened up a variety of concerns, from consumer safety issues to state product bans as well as state legislation approving of these products, and other various regulatory murkiness around the country. To put it simply, it's a mess and extremely complicated to navigate in this new category of the hemp industry. To be clear, WAFBA, Southern Hemp Expo and its management are not in favor of "banning" or making "illegal" this new category of hemp-derived products. This category of products needs federal regulation, which we hope will occur in the upcoming 2023 Farm Bill.
Focus on Flagship Event
With the above-mentioned confusion, complexity and the state of intoxicating hemp-derived cannabinoids, WAFBA has made the decision to focus its trade show and event energy on its flagship event, NoCo Hemp Expo, and to do everything we can to build this event as the international hub and gathering spot of hemp-based heath, wellness, nutrition, environmental, and socially impactful opportunities that can benefit humanity and the planet.
For additional information and to keep abreast of future activities and events, we encourage the industry and interested parties to subscribe to our newsletter and visit our media platform at www.letstalkhemp.com.
Contact
Morris Beegle, WAFBA, info@nocohempexpo.com
Steven Hoffman, Compass Natural, steve@compassnaturalmarketing.com, tel 303.807.1042